It's really quite simple:
Homemade compost, made from various "greens" and "browns", is ready for all lawn and garden applications, when it is not hot, not smelly, crumbly, and pleasant smelling. Period.
Based on hot you compost, if could take 2-8 weeks if you're an aggressive hot composter, or 6-12 months if you're a passive, cold composter.
Humus looks like black dirt. It is the ultimate final end of all forms of composting. It is mostly made of digested carbon, and healthy microbes, full of digested organic matter. Almost all the nutrients of the originial raw organic matter has been converted into totally insoluble non-available forms inside the complex humate molecules or the microherd.
Getting compost to look like humus is not necessary for vegetable gardening or lawn maintenance. Compost is decomposed just enough to be safe, healthy, and disease-free for all soil/plant needs, and it contains both soluble and insoluble forms of nutrients for available, and slow-release plant nutrients uptake.
Humus is used mostly as soil food source for soil conditioning.
Compost is used mostly for both soil building and for feeding crops over time.
Both humus and compost will definitely improve the soil, and feed soil microbes and earthworms.
The sustainable farmer needs to be better informed which form of these versions of decomposed organic matter, best fits what he or she is trying to accomplish, in the sustainable farming environment.
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Thanks again Cap'n.